An AV fistula procedure creates a connection between which two structures?

The av fistula procedure specifically involves the creation of a connection between a vein and an artery. This type of fistula is primarily performed to facilitate hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease. During the procedure, a section of vein is surgically connected to an artery, allowing arterial blood to flow into the vein. This connection causes the vein to undergo remodeling, becoming larger and having thicker walls, which is essential for repeated access during dialysis treatment. The intended outcome of this connection is to provide a durable and reliable vascular access point for patients requiring regular blood filtration.

Connections involving muscles or nerves do not serve the purpose of hemodialysis and are unrelated to the av fistula procedure, emphasizing why those options are not applicable in this context.